Investigating longitudinal effects of HIV and periventricular white matter hyper intensities (PWMH) on microstructural integrity of WM tracts, freewater flow and cognitive impairment using deep learning and statistical approaches

ARIFA conducted a pioneering study aimed at understanding the long-term effects of HIV and periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMH) on the brain’s microstructural integrity, free-water flow, and cognitive function. Using advanced diffusion MRI and fMRI technologies with high spatio-temporal resolution, the study sought to define and map the diffusional, spatial, and temporal characteristics of both free water and tissue components within the brain's white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) structures.

The research linked these physical brain changes to neural cognitive circuits and explored the underlying genetic factors influencing these abnormalities. By applying deep learning and statistical modeling, the study provided insights into how these structural and functional changes correlate with cognitive decline in both aging individuals and those living with HIV.

The project proposed that identifying shared and disease-specific neurobiological processes underlying cognitive impairment may offer a pathway for targeted interventions. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader understanding of HIV-related cognitive aging and highlights novel opportunities for therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving cognitive function in vulnerable populations.